热带吸螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用

试验确定了热带吸螨能够捕食二斑叶螨,能生长发育繁殖.在20-35℃温度范围内,热带吸螨对二斑叶螨的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型的圆盘方程,在20-30℃温度范围内,随着温度的上升,热带吸螨雌成螨对二斑叶螨雌成螨的捕食量增加,处理猎物时间缩短,单位时间攻击率增大,控制能力也增强;与30±1℃相比,在35±1℃时,单位时间攻击率虽有增强,但日最大捕食量明显下降,处理猎物时间延长,控制能力显著下降.     

The discovery of HNPC‐A3066: a novel strobilurin acaricide

BACKGROUND: Although more than ten strobilurin analogues have been commercialized since 1996 as fungicides, only one was available as an acaricide as of 2003. To search for novel strobilurin analogues with unique biological activities, a synthetic screening programme was carried out. RESULTS: Syntheses of compounds analogous to the commercialized fungicide metominostrobin and the acaricide fluacrypyrim led to the discovery of a lead compound, (E)‐2‐{2‐[[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl}‐2‐(methoxyimino)‐N‐methylacetamide (3b), that showed moderate acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Compound 3b has a 3,5‐(CF₃)₂‐phenoxymethyl group instead of the unsubstituted phenoxy substituent in metominostrobin. Optimization of compound 3b was achieved by introducing an oxime ether bridge along with an alkylthio(alkyl) branch in place of the oxymethylene chain between two aromatic moieties, as well as by replacing the methoxyiminoacetamide group with a methoxyacrylate structure, leading to (E)‐ methyl 2‐{2‐[[[(Z)[1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐2‐methylthioethylidene]amino]oxy] methyl]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate (6c) and (E)‐ methyl 2‐{2‐[[[(Z)[1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐1‐methylthiomethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate (9a, HNPC‐A3066). CONCLUSION: The above two compounds (6c, 9a) were shown to exhibit potent acaricidal and fungicidal activity. Compound 9a (HNPC‐A3066) also exhibits larvicidal and ovicidal activities against various acarids. The acaricidal potency is comparable with those of commercial acaricides such as fluacrypyrim, tebufenpyrad and chlorfenapyr. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

土耳其斯坦叶螨危害对棉花叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖影响的研究

棉花受土耳其斯坦叶螨危害0～8d内,叶绿素、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量随危害程度的加深均有不同程度的变化.在试验期内,两处理叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量均随危害时间的延长而下降,不同危害时间之间下降的幅度差异显著(P<0.05),另外,相同危害时间下各处理叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量下降的幅度也随螨口密度的增大而增加,不同螨口密度处理叶片之间的叶绿素含量差异显著(P<0.05).在试验期内,受害叶片可溶性糖及蛋白质含量随危害时间的延长变化不稳定.     

释放中华微刺盲蝽防治茄子害虫的研究

采用3．00、1．50和0．75头／m^2 3种释放密度,探讨了释放中华微刺盲蝽对大棚内茄子上节瓜蓟马、烟粉虱和朱砂叶螨等3种害虫的控制作用,结果表明中华微刺盲蝽在释放区能形成种群;在0．75头／m^2的释放密度下,该盲蝽已能很好地控制茄子上的3种害虫,释放后20～30d控制效果达100％．     

Biochemical analysis of a chlorfenapyr-selected resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch

Tetranychus urticae Koch has recently developed resistance to chlorfenapyr in Australia and Japan, but no attempt has yet been made to describe the biochemical mechanisms involved in chlorfenapyr resistance. In this study a laboratory-selected chlorfenapyr-resistant strain was investigated. Resistance to chlorfenapyr was associated with a strong increase in esterase activity and P450 mono-oxygenase (MO) activity but a decrease in 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMBZ) peroxidation activity. Differences in esterase activities between susceptible and resistant strains increased with increasing carbon number of the aliphatic side-chain of the nitrophenol substrate. A 4.4-fold increase in the O-deethylation of 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin (7-EFC) mediated by P450 MOs was detected. Remarkably, the resistant strain showed only half of the total TMBZ peroxidation activity found in the susceptible strain. The activity of these enzymes was further determined on different crosses and back-crosses of both strains. Results indicated that activities correlated with chlorfenapyr susceptibility and could be considered as biochemical markers. Esterase isozymes of both strains and their crosses were separated with isoelectric focusing (IEF) and visualised after activity staining. It was clear that two distinct zones of enhanced esterase activity were present in the chlorfenapyr-resistant strain (EST 11, pI = 4.88 and EST 16, pI = 4.71). EST 11 was identified with inhibitors as a carboxylesterase. The relative presence and intensity of these esterase zones changed in the different crosses and could be seen as a marker for chlorfenapyr resistance. Glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were not significantly different between strains. A twofold decrease in TMBZ peroxidase activity in the resistant strain could reflect decreased activation of chlorfenapyr. On the basis of these results the involvement of P450 MOs and esterases in the activation and detoxification of chlorfenapyr in T. urticae is challenged and discussed.     

诱集带诱杀对苹果二斑叶螨发生为害的控制效果

利用二斑叶螨的越冬习性,用诱集带诱杀法防除,翌年调查消长规律,盛发期测定处理区螨害与无螨对照叶片生理参数变化.结果表明,平均每张诱集带诱获越冬螨1 274头;发生高峰期比对照和常规防治区晚20 d和5～7 d,6～8月螨量明显下降,螨害落叶率减少16.4.常规和诱杀防治的叶片中叶绿素含量比对照分别下降33和54,光合强度分别下降46.1和50.5,蒸腾强度分别下降12.4和14.4,气孔传导率分别下降26和31,但二者差异不显著.     

温度对抗性二点叶螨种群生命力和繁殖力影响的研究

将二点叶螨的三种性种群所产生的卵分别置于１６℃、２１℃、２６℃、３１℃、３６℃的条件下系统饲养。结果表明：温度对抗性二点叶螨的发育有明显的刺激效应,刺激效应从大到小依次为：产卵前期、卵期、幼螨期、成螨期、若螨期、产卵期,２６℃时刺激效应最低。与敏感种群相比,不同温度下的各抗性种群发育历期缩短率分别为：甲氰菊酯种群为２０．２８％、氧化乐果种群为２３．２１％、螨嗪菊酯种群为３５．６５％,各抗生种群在２６℃时的产卵期最长,产卵量最高。各抗性种群在不同温度条件下的产卵量和产卵期均低于敏感种群,表现出明显的生殖不利性。     

二斑叶螨实验种群生命表的组建与分析

组建并分析了辣椒上二斑叶螨实验种群生命表。在 23℃恒温条件下 ,种群的内禀增长力r_m 为0.1510,周限增长率λ为1.1630/d ,净增殖率R_o为29.1497代 ,平均世代周期T为 22.3291d ,种群增长一倍需要的时间t为4.59d。在稳定种群年龄分布中 ,未成熟期占总量的88.9444% ,成熟期占11.0506%。     

甘肃武威市凉州玉米产区截形叶螨对3种杀螨剂的敏感性测定

截形叶螨(Tetranychus truncatus Ehara)是我国玉米生产上的一种重要的害螨。目前对截形叶螨的防治主要依赖化学农药。本研究通过室内浸液法测定截形叶螨成螨、若螨对3种不同作用机制的杀螨剂乙唑螨腈、联苯肼酯和螺螨酯的敏感性。结果表明,乙唑螨腈的毒力最强,对雌成螨和若螨24 h的LC50分别为0.033 mg/L、0.070 mg/L;联苯肼酯的毒力最低,对雌成螨和若螨24 h的LC50分别为0.685 mg/L、0.210 mg/L。3种杀螨剂对产卵量的影响均显著。乙唑螨腈可作为田间防治截形叶螨的最佳备选药剂。     

阿维菌素与橡胶籽油复配对朱砂叶螨的联合作用

室内测定了阿维菌素和橡胶籽油对朱砂叶螨的毒力及其复配剂的联合作用。结果表明，阿维菌素和橡胶籽油对朱砂叶螨雌成螨的LC50分别为0.01 μg/ml和1311.81 μg/ml；阿维菌素与橡胶籽油复配对朱砂叶螨成螨增效作用显著，共毒系数最高为293.90；阿维菌素及其与橡胶籽油最优复配剂对经药剂处理螨卵孵化的若螨具有显著的杀灭活性，且相同浓度下复配剂显著优于阿维菌素单剂，但两药剂对螨卵的直接毒杀活性均很低。阿维菌素与橡胶籽油复配剂这一高效、安全生物农药在害螨防治中极具应用前景。